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$ #2 = ?  )### ( 2 30, 7YVCb$x5EI~cMzAhb$sY izJhb$,IL6@ӾEg b$*s.ص%b$;8 XϨEi*b$e`敘: m2b$B듂5hGwkzRb$X*q+u7Gob$>F]b)W~c $P3f@f{uʚ;2Nʚ;g42d2dv 0bppp@ <4!d!d` 0b7b<4dddd` 0b7b<4BdBd` 0b7^ b ? %%UAging Through Cascaded Caches: Performance Issues in the Distribution of Web Content.(V$7$ V  Edith Cohen AT&T Labs-research   HTTP Freshness ControlCached copies have: Freshness lifetime Age (elapsed time since fetched from origin) TTL (Time to Live) = freshness lifetime  age Expired copies must be validated before they can be used (request constitutes a  cache miss ).Z@ZZ$Z_Z* 30 3j yAging of Copies    Aging of Copies     Aging of Copies   Aging thru Cascaded Caches   Aging thru Cascaded Caches   Aging thru Cascaded Caches   Aging thru Cascaded Caches    TTL of a Cached Copy 2Age-Induced Performance Issues for Cascaded CachesbCaches are often cascaded (path between web server and end-user includes 2 or more caches.). Copies obtained thru a cache are less effective than copies obtained thru an origin server. Reverse proxies increase validation traffic !! More misses at downstream caches mean: Increased traffic between cascaded caches. Increased user-perceived latency. n3n'nOnZ]`/3'OResearch QuestionsHow does miss-rate depend on the configuration of upstream cache(s) and on request patterns ? Can upstream caches improve performance by proactively reducing content age ? how? Can downstream caches improve performance by better selection or use of a source? Z.Basic Relationship Models cache/source/object N/Basic Models& !,TTL of  Supplied Copy How Much More Traffic?Rejuvenation at Source Caches<Rejuvenation s Basic Tradeoff:3$8Interesting Dependence on V& &3"0How Can Non-integral 1/v Increase Client Misses?10 #Why Integral 1/v Works Well?  Some ConclusionsConfiguration: Origin ( Authoritative ) is best. Otherwise, use a consistent upstream cache per object ( Exclusive ).  No-cache request headers: resulting sporadic refreshes may increase misses at other client caches. (But it is possible to compensate& ). Rejuvenation: potentially very effective, but a good parameter setting (synchronized refreshes) is crucial. Behavior patterns: Similar for Poisson, Pareto, traces, (temporal locality). Different for fixed-frequency. For more go to http://www.research.att.com/~edith Full versions of: Cohen, Kaplan SIGCOMM 2001 Cohen, Halperin, Kaplan, ICALP 2001ZuZg"56[*"Y!0 ` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@(z?" dd@  " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> (    6o p  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0r 0  RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0v    HOctober 25, 2001G  0dz    UStanford Networking SeminarG  0L `   @*H  0޽h ? ̙33 Default Design 0 7(   x  c $|8j j x  c $j  j   0`f(  B 6  \E`FNQ&UVW))? 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B \ Ho?"p p B \ Ho?"00B \ B) ?"0p B \ Ho?"00B \ B) ?"00B \ B1?"00B \ Ho?"00B \ B1 ?"@ 0@ p B \ B1 ?"0p B \ H1?"@ 00B \ B1?"0@ 0B \ Ho?"0 B \ Ho?"p @ p B \ Ho?"@ p p B \ Ho?"p p B  \ Ho?"0 B !\ Ho?" p B "\ Ho?" p  #\ Z H)?"`F f&Miss-rate for different configurations$' 'g H \ 0޽h ? ̙33  ~P%+` (  `~ ` s *D.p    ` N)?"@a qRejuvenation: refresh your copy pre-term once its TTL drops below a certain fraction v of the Lifetime duration. nr  g3cCCICc~B `@ HD)?" ] ~B `@ HD)?" f RB ` s *D)mmRB ` s *D)[[ ` N_)?" 6 =t  c   ` Nc)?"{ ?TTL  c B  ` HD3)?" ,$D 0B  ` HD3)?"P ,$D 0  ` Ng)?"]WO} ORequests at client:  E  ` Zk)?"w;{  A24h" c  ` ZTn)?" Pg  A12h" c  `