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To Cache or not to Cache: The 3G case
Jeffrey Erman, Alexandre Gerber, Mohammad Hajiaghayi, Dan Pei, Subhabrata Sen, Oliver Spatscheck
IEEE Internet Computing,
2011.
[PDF]
[BIB]
IEEE Copyright
This version of the work is reprinted here with permission of IEEE for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in IEEE Internet Computing, 2011. , 2011-01-01
{Cellular networks have witnessed tremendous traffic growth
recently, fueled by the rapid proliferation of smartphones,
laptops with mobile data cards, and new technologies improving
the performance of these networks. However, unlike
the wired world, there exists a rather limited understanding
of the application mixes and the characteristics of this traffic.
Recent studies have shown that in the wired broadband
world, HTTP traffic accounts for the vast majority of the application
traffic and that forward caching of HTTP objects
results in substantial savings in network resources. What
about cellular networks? The answer is a function of the
traffic characteristics, network architecture, as well as the
various cost points associated with delivering traffic in these
networks. In this paper, we examine the characteristics of
HTTP traffic generated by millions of users across one of
the world�s largest 3G cellular networks, and explore the potential
of forward caching. We provide a simple cost model
that third parties can easily use to determine the cost-benefit
tradeoffs for their own cellular network settings. This is the
first large scale caching analysis in cellular networks.}
Over The Top Video: the Gorilla in Cellular Networks
Jeffrey Erman, Alexandre Gerber, Subhabrata Sen, Oliver Spatscheck, Kadangode Ramakrishnan
in Proc. of ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC),
2011.
[PDF]
[BIB]
ACM Copyright
(c) ACM, 20XX. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proc. of ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC). , 2011-11-01.
{Cellular networks have witnessed tremendous traffic growth
recently, fueled by smartphones, tablets and new high speed
broadband cellular access technologies. A key application
driving that growth is video streaming. Yet very little is
known about the characteristics of this traffic class. In this
paper, we examine video traffic generated by three million
users across one of the world�s largest 3G cellular networks.
This first deep dive into cellular video streaming shows that
HLS, an adaptive bitrate streaming protocol, accounts for
one third of the streaming video traffic and that it is common
to see changes in encoding bitrates within a session. We also
observe that most of the content is streamed at less than 255
Kbps and that only 40% of the videos are fully downloaded.
Another key finding is that there exists significant potential
for caching to deliver this content.}
Identifying Diverse Usage Behaviors of Smartphone Apps
Qiang Xu, Alexandre Gerber, Z. Morley Mao, Jeffrey Pang, Shobha Venkataraman, Jeffrey Erman
in Proc. of ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC),
2011.
[PDF]
[BIB]
ACM Copyright
(c) ACM, 20XX. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Proc. of ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC). , 2011-11-01.
{as gateways to Internet services, rather than traditional web
browsers. Application marketplaces for iOS, Android, and
Windows Mobile platforms have made it attractive for developers
to deploy apps and easy for users to discover and
start using many network-enabled apps quickly. For example,
it was recently reported that the iOS AppStore has more
than 350K apps and more than 10 billion downloads. Furthermore,
the appearance of tablets and mobile devices with
other form factors, which also use these marketplaces, has
increased the diversity in apps and their user population.
Despite the increasing importance of apps as gateways to
network services, we have a much sparser understanding
of how, where, and when they are used compared to traditional
web services, particularly at scale. This paper takes
a first step in addressing this knowledge gap by presenting
results on smartphone app usage at a national level using
anonymized network measurements from a tier-1 cellular
carrier in the U.S. We identify traffic from distinct marketplace
apps based on HTTP signatures and present aggregate
results on their spatial and temporal prevalence, locality, and
correlation.}
HTTP in the Home: It is not just about PCs
Jeffrey Erman, Alexandre Gerber, Subhabrata Sen
in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Home Networks (HomeNets) and ACM CCR, January 2011, 90-95. BEST PAP,
2010.
[PDF]
[BIB]
ACM Copyright
(c) ACM, 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution.
The definitive version was published in ACM HomeNETs 2010 , 2010-09-03.
{HTTP (Hypertext Transport Protocol)was originally primarily
used for human-initiated client-server communications
launched from web browsers traditional computers and laptops.
However, today it has become the protocol of choice
for a bewildering range of applications from a wide array
of emerging devices like smart TVs and gaming consoles.
This paper presents an initial study characterizing the nontraditional
sources of HTTP traffic such as consumer devices
and automated updates in the overall HTTP traffic for residential
Internet users. Among our findings, 25%of all HTTP
traffic is due to non-traditional sources, with 17.9% being
from consumer devices such as wifi enabled cell phones and
5.1% generated from automated software updates and background
processes. We also found 11% of HTTP requests
are caused from communications to advertising servers. The
mouse is gone: the iPhone and the Xbox don't have one, and
automated applications don't need one.}
Network-Aware Forward caching
Jeffrey Erman, Alexandre Gerber, Mohammad Hajiaghayi, Dan Pei, Oliver Spatscheck
in Proc. World Wide Web Conference (WWW),
2009.
[PDF]
[BIB]
IW3C2 Copyright
"Copyright is held by the International World Wide Web Conference Committee (IW3C2)."
{This paper proposes and evaluates a Network Aware Forward
Caching approach for determining the optimal deployment strategy
of forward caches to a network. A key advantage of this approach
is that we can reduce the network costs associated with forward
caching to maximize the benefit obtained from their deployment.
We show in our simulation that a 37% increase to net benefits could
be achieved over the standard method of full cache deployment to
cache all POPs traffic. In addition, we show that this maximal point
occurs when only 68% of the total traffic is cached.
Another contribution of this paper is the analysis we use to motivate
and evaluate this problem. We characterize the Internet traffic
of 100K subscribers of a US residential broadband provider. We
use both layer 4 and layer 7 analysis to investigate the traffic volumes
of the flows as well as study the general characteristics of
the applications used. We show that HTTP is a dominant protocol
and account for 68% of the total downstream traffic and that 34%
of that traffic is multimedia. In addition, we show that multimedia
content using HTTP exhibits a 83% annualized growth rate and
other HTTP traffic has a 53% growth rate versus the 26% over all
annual growth rate of broadband traffic. This shows that HTTP
traffic will become ever more dominant and increase the potential
caching opportunities. Furthermore, we characterize the core
backbone traffic of this broadband provider to measure the distance
traveled by content and traffic. We find that CDN traffic is much
more efficient than P2P content and that there is large skew in the
Air Miles between POP in a typical network. Our findings show
that there are many opportunities in broadband provider networks
to optimize how traffic is delivered and cached.}
Multimedia content growth: From IP networks to Medianets
Alexandre Gerber, Jeffrey Erman, Oliver Spatscheck
IEEE Communications Society Live Webinar: TRANSFORMING NEXT GENERATION IP NETWORKS INTO MEDIANETS,
2009.
[PPT]
[BIB]
{Multimedia Content growth is driving network evolution
Content hybrid delivery solutions will take advantage of information across layer boundaries:
+ Network-aware applications
+ Application-aware networks
The network will have the opportunity to become the information aggregator
+ Scalable solution to the problem of �who to tell� and �who to ask�
Medianets should not forget MediaNetworkManagement! }
