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Cost Optimization Using Regenerator Site Concentration and Routing in ROADM Networks
Rakesh Sinha, Angela Chiu, Mark Feuer, Guangzhi Li, Sheryl Woodward, Weiyi Zhang, Balagangadhar G Bathula, Keren Bergman, Robert Doverspike, Peter Magill
DRCN 2013,
2013.
[PDF]
[BIB]
IEEE Copyright
This version of the work is reprinted here with permission of IEEE for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in 2012. , 2013-03-04
{The advent of colorless and non-directional reconfigurable
optical-add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) will enable
flexible pre-deployment of optoelectronic regenerators in future
optical networks. Compared to the current practice of installing
regenerators only when a circuit needs them, pre-deployment
will allow service providers to achieve rapid provisioning and
restoration. The pre-deployed regenerators should be concentrated
in a selected subset of ROADM sites in order to attain high
utilization and to reduce operational costs. We prove that the
resulting optimization problem is NP-hard and present an efficient
heuristic for this problem that takes into account both the cost of
individual circuits (regenerator cost and transmission line system
cost) and the probability of a given circuit request, as well as
the number of regenerator sites. We provide various methods
to reduce the number of regenerator sites, if low probability
demands are allowed to have slightly costlier paths. Specific
network examples show that the proposed heuristic has near
optimal performance under most studied scenarios. We present
results for several different cost models. We have also evaluated
the heuristic for survivable optical networks, in which a second,
disjoint path must be supported for each circuit.}
4000km Transmission of 50GHz spaced, 10x494.85-Gb/s Hybrid 32-64QAM using Cascaded Equalization and Training-Assisted Phase Recovery
Xiang Zhou, Lynn Nelson, Peter Magill, Rejoy Isaac, B. Zhu, D. W. Peckham, P. Borel, K. Carlson
OSA (Optical Society of America),
2012.
[DOC]
[BIB]
Optical Society of America Copyright
The definitive version was published in 2012. , 2012-03-07
{Employing time-domain hybrid QAM, training-assisted phase recovery and cascaded equalization, we successfully transmitted ten 494.85Gbit/s PDM-32/64QAM DWDM signals at 8.25b/s/Hz net spectral efficiency (SE) over 40x100km, achieving a record terrestrial SE.distance product of 33000 bit.km/s/Hz}
The Non-Wireless Part of Cellular Networks: What�s With the Backhaul?
Peter Magill, Byoung Kim
Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2011,
2011.
[PDF]
[BIB]
Optical Society of America Copyright
The definitive version was published in proceedings of OFC 2011 (Optical Society of America). , 2011-03-06
{The wireline backhaul of cellular networks plays a critical role in connecting cells to the rest of the telecom world and to each other. As the radio and air interfaces have evolved, so too has the backhaul. The architectures and transport technologies used for wireless backhaul in the US will be described.}
Research Highlights: Optical Systems Research at AT&T Labs
Martin Birk, Mikhail Brodsky, Mark Feuer, Patrick Iannone, Peter Magill, Jonathan Nagel, Lynn Nelson, Kenneth Reichmann, Sheryl Woodward, Xiang Zhou
IEEE Photonics Newsletter,
2011.
[PDF]
[BIB]
IEEE Copyright
This version of the work is reprinted here with permission of IEEE for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in IEEE Photonics Newsletter. , 2011-07-01
{}
Bandwidth on Demand for Inter-Data Center Communication
Ajay Mahimkar, Robert Doverspike, Emmanuil Mavrogiorgis, Jorge Pastor, Jennifer Yates, Mark Feuer, Sheryl Woodward, Peter Magill, Angela Chiu
ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks,
2011.
[PDF]
[BIB]
ACM Copyright
(c) ACM, 2011. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks , 2011-10-15.
{Cloud service providers use replication across geographically distributed data centers to improve end-to-end performance as well as to offer high reliability under failures. Content replication often involves the transfer of huge data sets over the wide area network and demands high backbone transport capacity. In this paper, we discuss how a Globally Reconfigurable Intelligent Photonic Network (GRIPhoN) between data centers could improve operational flexibility for cloud service providers. The proposed GRIPhoN architecture is an extension of earlier work [34] and can provide a bandwidth-on-demand service ranging from low data rates (e.g., 1 Gbps) to high data rates (e.g., 10-40 Gbps). The inter-data center communication network which is currently statically provisioned could be dynamically configured based on demand. Today's backbone optical networks can take several weeks to provision a customer's private line connection. GRIPhoN would enable cloud operators to dynamically set up and tear down their connections (sub-wavelength or wavelength rates) within a few minutes. GRIPhoN also offers cost-effective restoration capabilities at wavelength rates and automated bridge-and-roll of private line connections to minimize the impact of planned maintenance activities.}
Carrier Transport Networks: What Technologies are Coming? Which are Beyond That?
Peter Magill
15th OptoElectronics and Communications Conference (OECC2010),
2010.
[BIB]
{We are living through a time of rapid change in the technologies for carrier transport networks. This presentation will attempt to give an overview of the major new technologies, both for the next generation (i.e., within 1 to 2 years) and some guesses about the following generation (i.e., 3 to 5 years away). It will cover all key elements of a transport network: fiber transmission, photonic networking and electronic switching. }
A regression approach to infer electricity consumption of legacy telecom equipment
Steven Phillips, Sheryl Woodward, Mark Feuer, Peter Magill
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review,
2010.
[PDF]
[BIB]
ACM Copyright
(c) ACM, 2010. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution.
The definitive version was published in ACM GreenMetrics Workshop , Volume 38, Issue 3, 2010-10-10.
{Information and communications technology accounts for
a significant fraction of worldwide electricity consumption.
Given the relentless growth of demand for communications
services, telecommunications providers will need to transition
to more energy-efficient technology in order to limit
their environmental impact. Here we focus on priority-setting
for the transition process. In particular, we introduce a
method for statistically inferring the electricity consumption
of different components of the installed base of telecommunications
equipment, while avoiding the high cost of performing
direct measurements. Our method relies only on
databases of installed equipment in central offices, together
with aggregate electricity consumption per office. It takes
advantage of inter-office variation in installed equipment to
partition per-office electricity consumption by major equipment
type. When applied to a collection of 3,918 central
offices of a major U.S. telecommunications provider, our approach
reveals the (previously unknown) network-wide energy
consumption of each major type of equipment. In particular,
we find that electricity consumption is dominated by
Class-5 telephone switches, which account for 43% of aggregate
consumption, and which should therefore be a primary
target of central office electricity conservation efforts.}
Method And Apparatus For Generating 8-QAM-Modulated Optical Signal,
Tue Dec 13 16:06:45 EST 2011
A system and method for producing an 8-QAM-modulated signal are disclosed. The methodology, in an exemplary expedient, generally comprises splitting light from a CW laser into two parts; modulating the first part with a first signal and modulating the second part with a second signal; phase shifting the modulated second part by about .pi./4; combining the modulated first part with the phase shifted and modulated second part to produce a four-level modulated signal; and phase modulating the four-level modulated signal with a third signal with a phase modulation of (0, .pi./2). Several variations of this method are described herein.
Method For Increasing Accuracy Of Measurement Of Mean Polarization Mode Dispersion,
Tue Jun 07 16:05:29 EDT 2011
A method of determining a mean square differential group delay associated with a length of optical fiber. The method including measuring a polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency, using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus. The method also including calculating a second-order polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency by calculating a derivative of the polarization mode dispersion vector with respect to frequency. Also, calculating the mean of the magnitude of the second-order polarization mode dispersion vector to obtain a first result. Further, multiplying a proportionality coefficient by the first result to calculate the mean square differential group delay.
Method And Apparatus For Broadband Mitigation Of Polarization Mode Dispersion,
Tue Jan 11 16:04:20 EST 2011
Described is a method and system for reducing system penalty from polarization mode dispersion. The method includes receiving a plurality of signals at a receiving end of a transmission line, each signal being received on one of a plurality of channels of the transmission line and measuring a signal degradation of at least one of the channels of the transmission line. An amount of adjustment of a polarization controller is determined based on the signal degradation, the amount of adjustment being selected to reduce the polarization mode dispersion. The amount of adjustment is then transmitted to the polarization controller.
Method For Increasing Accuracy Of Measurement Of Mean Polarization Mode Dispersion,
Tue Dec 14 15:05:19 EST 2010
The present invention provides a method of determining a mean differential group delay associated with a length of optical fiber. The method including measuring a magnitude of a polarization mode dispersion vector as a function of frequency, using a frequency-domain polarization mode dispersion measurement apparatus, where the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector is a scalar differential group delay. Also the method calculates a frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay from the magnitude of the polarization mode dispersion vector to obtain a first result. The frequency derivative of the scalar differential group delay being a scalar second-order polarization mode dispersion function. The method further multiplies a proportionality coefficient B.sub.2 by the first result to calculate the mean differential group delay. Also, the method outputs a value of the mean differential group delay.
Estimating Optical Transmission System Penalties Induced By Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD),
Tue Aug 10 15:04:22 EDT 2010
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) induced system penalty .epsilon. is determined from optical characteristics of an optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal that is carried on a network. The method involves tapping the optical WDM signal, separating an optical channel from the tapped optical WDM signal, performing a frequency-resolved state of polarization (SOP) measurement on the channel, and computing the PMD-induced system penalty as .epsilon.=AL.sup.2+BL.sup.4, in which A and B are predetermined parameters and L is an SOP string length based on the SOP measurement.
Method And Apparatus For Measuring The Birefringence Autocorrelation Length In Optical Fibers,
Tue Mar 30 15:03:39 EDT 2010
Disclosed is a method and apparatus for determining the birefringence autocorrelation length of a fiber in a non-destructive manner. The PMD of an optical fiber is measured over a first optical spectrum. A Faraday rotation angle is measured over a second optical spectrum. The birefringence autocorrelation length is determined from the measuring of the PMD and the Faraday rotation angle.
Method For Estimating The Polarization Mode Dispersion Compliant Capacity Fraction Of The Total Optical Frequency Transmission Window Of A Transport System.,
Tue Sep 08 16:07:59 EDT 2009
A method and system for estimating a fraction of an optical transmission system's transmission window that is compliant with the system's polarization mode dispersion (PMD) outage specifications, the optical transmission system including N.sub.s optical fiber segments. The method comprises the steps of: propagating a plurality of optical signals through the N.sub.s optical fiber segments; monitoring the differential group delay (DGD) for each optical signal over time; computing a time average and variance of the monitored DGD for each optical signal; computing statistics of the time averages and variances of the monitored DGD for each optical signal; determining the number of effective PMD sections and effective hinges in the system from the statistics; and determining the size of a PMD capacity compliant fraction for a specified outage probability.
Estimating optical transmission system penalties induced by polarization mode dispersion (PMD),
Tue Aug 19 18:12:59 EDT 2008
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) induced system penalty .epsilon. is determined from optical characteristics of an optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal that is carried on a network. The method involves tapping the optical WDM signal, separating an optical channel from the tapped optical WDM signal, performing a frequency-resolved state of polarization (SOP) measurement on the channel, and computing the PMD-induced system penalty as .epsilon.=AL.sup.2+BL.sup.4, in which A and B are predetermined parameters and L is an SOP string length based on the SOP measurement.
Method for increasing accuracy of measurement of mean polarization mode dispersion,
Tue Nov 06 18:12:21 EST 2007
The present invention provides a method for increasing the accuracy of measurement of mean differential group delay (DGD) from the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in optical fiber. The method includes a systematic correction to mean-square DGD measured with any conventional mean to minimize systematic error caused by finite source bandwidth. The method further includes a systematic correction to the measurement of mean DGD and mean square DGD from statistics of the second-order PMD (SOPMD) obtained with frequency domain PMD-measuring apparatus. The probability density function (PDF) of either the vector or scalar SOPMD is applied, depending on which quantity is measured. The systematic correction is made to minimize the systematic error in estimating mean DGD, caused by finite source bandwidth, to achieve a two-fold reduction of the measurement variance equivalent to doubling the source bandwidth.
Estimating optical transmission system penalties induced by polarization mode dispersion (PMD),
Tue Aug 14 18:12:10 EDT 2007
Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) induced system penalty .epsilon. is determined from optical characteristics of an optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signal that is carried on a network. The method involves tapping the optical WDM signal, separating an optical channel from the tapped optical WDM signal, performing a frequency-resolved state of polarization (SOP) measurement on the channel, and computing the PMD-induced system penalty as .epsilon.=AL.sup.2+BL.sup.4, in which A and B are predetermined parameters and L is an SOP string length based on the SOP measurement.
Method and apparatus for measuring frequency-resolved states of polarization of a working optical channel using polarization-scrambled heterodyning,
Tue Feb 06 18:11:52 EST 2007
An apparatus for measuring a set of frequency-resolved states of polarization (SOP) of an optical signal includes a local oscillator (LO), a polarization scrambler, a coupler for mixing the polarization-scrambled signal with the optical signal to produce a heterodyned signal with a radio frequency (RF) component, and an analyzer for passing a fixed polarization component and resolving the polarization and frequency from the RF component. The apparatus is used for measuring, monitoring or compensating the polarization mode dispersion (PMD) in a working channel of an optical telecommunication system. A method for measuring frequency-resolved SOP of an optical signal includes tuning and polarization-scrambling a local oscillator (LO), mixing the scrambled LO with the optical signal, and resolving the RF signal in frequency and polarization. The method is applied to measure and monitor PMD in a working optical channel, and to dynamically compensate for the PMD.
Technique for mitigation of polarization mode dispersion in fiber optic transmission links,
Tue Aug 22 18:11:30 EDT 2006
A technique for PMD mitigation in an optical communications system that utilizes a plurality of polarization rotators in an optical fiber to continuously rotate the polarization state of at least one optical signal that propagates through the fiber. The optical fiber is segregated into a plurality of sections and the polarization rotators are disposed between adjacent sections of the fiber. The polarization state of at least one optical signal received from the first of a pair of adjacent sections is continuously rotated by the polarization rotator prior to being transmitted to the second of the pair of adjacent sections. The rotated optical signals are collected at a receiver and corrected for errors using, for example, forward error correction.
Technique for mitigation of polarization mode dispersion in fiber optic transmission links,
Tue Apr 18 18:11:06 EDT 2006
A technique for PMD mitigation in an optical communications system that utilizes a plurality of polarization rotators in an optical fiber to continuously rotate the polarization state of at least one optical signal that propagates through the fiber. The optical fiber is segregated into a plurality of sections and the polarization rotators are disposed between adjacent sections of the fiber. The polarization state of at least one optical signal received from the first of a pair of adjacent sections is continuously rotated by the polarization rotator prior to being transmitted to the second of the pair of adjacent sections. The rotated optical signals are collected at a receiver and corrected for errors using, for example, forward error correction
Technique For Mitigation Of Polarization Mode Dispersion In Fiber Optic Transmission Links,
Tue Nov 01 18:10:37 EST 2005
A technique for PMD mitigation in an optical communications system that utilizes a plurality of polarization rotators in an optical fiber to continuously rotate the polarization state of at least one optical signal that propagates through the fiber. The optical fiber is segregated into a plurality of sections and the polarization rotators are disposed between adjacent sections of the fiber. The polarization state of at least one optical signal received from the first of a pair of adjacent sections is continuously rotated by the polarization rotator prior to being transmitted to the second of the pair of adjacent sections. The rotated optical signals are collected at a receiver and corrected for errors using, for example, forward error correction.
Technique for mitigation of polarization mode dispersion in fiber optic transmission links,
Tue Feb 15 18:10:17 EST 2005
A technique for PMD mitigation in an optical communications system that utilizes a plurality of polarization rotators in an optical fiber to continuously rotate the polarization state of at least one optical signal that propagates through the fiber. The optical fiber is segregated into a plurality of sections and the polarization rotators are disposed between adjacent sections of the fiber. The polarization state of at least one optical signal received from the first of a pair of adjacent sections is continuously rotated by the polarization rotator prior to being transmitted to the second of the pair of adjacent sections. The rotated optical signals are collected at a receiver and corrected for errors using, for example, forward error correction.
Map-Based Directory System,
Tue Jun 10 18:08:44 EDT 2003
A method and system are disclosed for a map-based directory service. Users are presented with a map on a computer screen, the map having symbols indicating real-world locations such as buildings, streets, parks, and bodies of water. A close correspondence exists between the map and the real-world. The map further has symbols indicating virtual locations. A virtual location, as the name implies, refers to a location that appears on the map but is not physically present in the real world. In accordance with the present invention, users can locate listings in conjunction with both real and virtual locations related to such listings, and, can connect to the entities associated with those listings once located.
