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A001566 a(0) = 3; thereafter, a(n) = a(n-1)^2 - 2.
(Formerly M2705 N1084)
+0
23
3, 7, 47, 2207, 4870847, 23725150497407, 562882766124611619513723647, 316837008400094222150776738483768236006420971486980607 (list; graph; listen)
OFFSET

0,1

COMMENT

a(n)=Fibonacci(2^[n+2])/Fibonacci(2^[n+1]) -Len Smiley (smiley(AT)math.uaa.alaska.edu), May 08 2000

Expansion of 1/phi: 1/phi = (1-1/3)*(1-1/((3-1)*7))*(1-1/(((3-1)*7-1)*47))*(1-1/((((3-1)*7-1)*47-1)*2207))... (phi being the golden ration (1+sqrt(5))/2) - Thomas Baruchel (baruchel(AT)users.sourceforge.net), Nov 06 2003

An infinite coprime sequence defined by recursion. - Michael Somos Mar 14 2004

Starting with 7, the terms end with 7,47,07,47,07,..., of the form 8a+7 where a = 0,1,55,121771,... Conjecture: Every a is square-free, every other a is divisible by 55, the a's are a subset of A046194, the heptagonal triangular numbers (the first,2nd,3rd,6th,11th,?... terms) . - Gerald McGarvey (Gerald.McGarvey(AT)comcast.net), Aug 08 2004

Contribution from Cino Hilliard (hillcino368(AT)hotmail.com), Sep 28 2008: (Start)

Also the reduced numerator of the convergents to sqrt(5) using Newton's

recursion x = (5/x+x)/2. (End)

REFERENCES

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).

L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers. Carnegie Institute Public. 256, Washington, DC, Vol. 1, 1919; Vol. 2, 1920; Vol. 3, 1923, see vol. 1, p. 397.

G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 3rd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1954, p. 223.

E. Lucas, Nouveaux theoremes d'arithmetique superieure, Comptes Rend., 83 (1876), 1286-1288.

M. Mendes France and A. J. van der Poorten, From geometry to Euler identities, Theoret. Comput. Sci., 65 (1989), 213-220.

LINKS

A. V. Aho and N. J. A. Sloane, Some doubly exponential sequences, Fib. Quart., 11 (1973), 429-437.

Index entries for sequences of form a(n+1)=a(n)^2 + ...

FORMULA

a(n)=ceiling(c^(2^n)) where c=(3+sqrt(5))/2=tau^2 is the largest root of x^2-3x+1=0. - Benoit Cloitre, Dec 03, 2002

a(n)=Round[c^(2^n)] where c =GoldenRatio=1.6180339887498948482...=(Sqrt[5]+1)/2 [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Sep 22 2008]

a(n)=G^(2^n)+(1-G)^(2^n) = G^(2^n)+(-G)^(-2^n) where G is Golden ratio = (1+Sqrt[5])/2 = 1.618033989 [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Oct 05 2008]

Contribution from Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Oct 05 2008: (Start)

a(n)=A058635(n+1)/A058635(n)

a(n)=(G^(2^(n + 1)) - (1 - G)^(2^(n + 1)))/((G^(2^n)) - (1 - G)^(2^n)) where G = (1 + Sqrt[5])/2 (End)

a(n) = 2*Cosh[2^n*ArcCosh[Sqrt[5]/2] [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Oct 09 2008]

a(n) = Fibonacci(2^(n+1)-1)+Fibonacci(2^(n+1)+1). (3-sqrt5)/2 = 1/3 + 1/(3*7) + 1/(3*7*47) + 1/(3*7*47*2207) + ... (E. Lucas) . [From Philippe DELEHAM (kolotoko(AT)wanadoo.fr), Apr 21 2009]

a(n)(a(n+1)-1)/2 = A023039(2^n) [From M. F. Hasler (MHasler(AT)univ-ag.fr), Sep 27 2009]

EXAMPLE

Contribution from Cino Hilliard (hillcino368(AT)hotmail.com), Sep 28 2008: (Start)

Init x=1.

x = (5/1+1)/2 = 3/1

x = (5/3+3)/2 = 7/3

x = (5/7/3+7/3)/2 = 47/21

x = (5/47/21+47/21)/2 = 2207/987

(2207/987)^2 = 5.000004106... (End)

MATHEMATICA

c = N[GoldenRatio, 1000]; Table[Round[c^(2^n)], {n, 1, 10}] [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Sep 22 2008]

c = (1 + Sqrt[5])/2; Table[Expand[c^(2^n) + (-c + 1)^(2^n)], {n, 1, 8}] [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Oct 05 2008]

G = (1 + Sqrt[5])/2; Table[Expand[(G^(2^(n + 1)) - (1 - G)^(2^(n + 1)))/Sqrt[5]]/Expand[((G^(2^n)) - (1 - G)^(2^n))/Sqrt[5]], {n, 1, 10}] [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Oct 05 2008]

Table[2*Cosh[2^n*ArcCosh[Sqrt[5]/2], {n, 1, 30}] [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Oct 09 2008]

PROGRAM

(PARI) a(n)=if(n<1, 3*(n==0), a(n-1)^2-2)

Contribution from Cino Hilliard (hillcino368(AT)hotmail.com), Sep 28 2008: (Start)

(PARI) g(n, p) = x=1; for(j=1, p, x=(n/x+x)/2; print1(numerator(x)", "))

g(5, 8) (End)

CROSSREFS

Lucas numbers (A000032) with subscripts that are powers of 2 greater than 1 (Herb Wilf). Cf. A000045.

Cf. A003010 (starting with 4), A003423 (starting with 6), A003487 (starting with 5)

A058635 [From Artur Jasinski (grafix(AT)csl.pl), Oct 05 2008]

Sequence in context: A020754 A052381 A031440 this_sequence A019039 A077559 A062959

Adjacent sequences: A001563 A001564 A001565 this_sequence A001567 A001568 A001569

KEYWORD

easy,nonn,nice

AUTHOR

N. J. A. Sloane (njas(AT)research.att.com).

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Last modified November 27 14:50 EST 2009. Contains 167570 sequences.


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