Search: id:A105446
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%I A105446
%S A105446 1,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,3,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,3,2,3,3,2,3,2,2,2,1,2,
%T A105446 2,2,3,2,3,3,2,3,3,3,3,2,3,3,2,3,2,2,2,1,2,2,2,3,2,3,3,2,3,3,3,3,2,3,3,
%U A105446 3,4,3,3,3,2,3,3,3,4
%N A105446 Number of symbols in the Roman Fibonacci number representation of n.
%C A105446 The Roman Fibonacci numbers are composed from the values of the Fibonacci 
               Numbers (A000045) with the grammar of the Roman Numerals (A006968) 
               and a few rules to disambiguate.
%C A105446 The alphabet: {1, 2, 3, 5, 8, A=13, B=21, C=34, D=55, E=89, F=144, ...}. 
               Rule one: of the infinite set of representations of integers by this 
               grammar, always restrict to the subset of those with shortest length. 
               Rule two: if there are two or more in the subset of shortest representations, 
               restrict to the subset with fewest subtractions [A31 preferred to 
               188, B31 preferred to 1AA, CA preferred to 8D, DB preferred to AE].
%C A105446 Rule three: if there are two or more representations per Rules one and 
               two, restrict to the subset with the most duplications of characters 
               [22 preferred to 31, 33 preferred to 51, 55 preferred to 82, 88 preferred 
               to A3, BBB preferred to D53, CC preferred to BE]. We do not need 
               a Rule four for a while...
%C A105446 Lemma: no Roman Fibonacci number requires three consecutive instances 
               of the same symbol. Proof: 3*F(i) = F(i+2) + F(i-2). Question: what 
               is the asymptotic length of the Roman Fibonacci numbers?
%D A105446 Cajori, F. A History of Mathematical Notations, 2 vols. Bound as One, 
               Vol. 1: Notations in Elementary Mathematics. New York: Dover, pp. 
               30-37, 1993.
%D A105446 Menninger, K. Number Words and Number Symbols: A Cultural History of 
               Numbers. New York: Dover, pp. 44-45 and 281, 1992.
%D A105446 Neugebauer, O. The Exact Sciences in Antiquity, 2nd ed. New York: Dover, 
               pp. 4-5, 1969.
%H A105446 Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/
               RomanNumerals.html">Roman Numerals</a>.
%H A105446 Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/
               FibonacciNumber.html">Fibonacci Numbers</a>.
%F A105446 a(n) = number of symbols in the Roman Fibonacci number representation 
               of n, as defined in "Comments." a(n) = 1 iff n is an element of A000045. 
               a(n) = 2 iff the shortest Roman Fibonacci number representation of 
               n is as the sum or difference of two elements of A000045 and n is 
               not an element of A000045.
%e A105446 a(1) = 1 because 1 is a Fibonacci number, equal to its own representation 
               as a Roman Fibonacci number.
%e A105446 a(4) = 2 because 4 is not a Fibonacci number, but can be represented 
               as the sum or difference of two Fibonacci numbers, with its Roman 
               Fibonacci number representation being "22" (not "31" per rule three).
%e A105446 a(17) = 3 because the Roman Fibonacci number representation of 17 has 
               three symbols, namely "A22" (not "188" per rule two).
%e A105446 a(80) = 4 because the Roman Fibonacci number representation of 80 has 
               four symbols, namely "DB22".
%Y A105446 A105447 = integers with A105446(n) = 2. A105448 = integers with A105446(n) 
               = 3. A105449 = integers with A105446(n) = 4. A105450 = integers with 
               A105446(n) = 5. A023150 = integers with A105446(n) = 6. A105452 = 
               integers with A105446(n) = 7. A105453 = integers with A105446(n) 
               = 8. A105454 = integers with A105446(n) = 9. A105455 = integers with 
               A105446(n) = 10.
%Y A105446 Cf. A000045, A006968.
%Y A105446 Sequence in context: A143098 A114284 A023575 this_sequence A058978 A118916 
               A107800
%Y A105446 Adjacent sequences: A105443 A105444 A105445 this_sequence A105447 A105448 
               A105449
%K A105446 base,easy,nonn
%O A105446 1,4
%A A105446 Jonathan Vos Post (jvospost3(AT)gmail.com), Apr 09 2005

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