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A138036 From a substitution sequence of Veikko Keronen: "From http://south.rotol.ramk.fi/~keranen/Forssa/UsingTheEmptySet.html (.nb) the reader may find examples of computer algebra programs in which we pay special attention to handling the empty set. Indeed, in our study, the empty set (or the empty word) is many times a natural starting point and the meticulous use of it supports us to keep the programs clear and reliable. In many cases the computation also ends with the empty set as a result. For example, the reader may try the following Mathematica program which starts, in a sense, from {{}} and ends with {}"..."Indeed, this computation shows that Abelian squares are unavoidable over 3 letters, since every word of length 8 turns out to contain them. Originally, this style of programming arose in discussions with Stephen Wolfram and our program above is a modified version of the example that Wolfram presents in [35, p. 944].". +0
1
0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 0, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 1, 2, 0, 1, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0 (list; graph; listen)
OFFSET

1,3

COMMENT

Mathematica in flatten a sequence truncates the nulls instead of making zeros

of them as I have been doing. I'm entering this code as it didn't come up in a search an appears to be interesting as a sequence that appears to be chaotic.

REFERENCES

http://south.rotol.ramk.fi/keranen/ias2002/NewAbelianSquare-FreeDT0L-LanguagesOver4Letters.nb

S. Wolfram. A New Kind of Science. Wolfram Media, 2002.

FORMULA

Mathematica substitution code...see references: Mathematica section.

EXAMPLE

Triangular form with "nulls":

{{}},

{{0}, {1}, {2}},

{{0, 1}, {0, 2},

{1, 0}, {1, 2}, {2, 0}, {2, 1}},

{{0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 2}, {0, 2, 0}, {0, 2, 1}, {1, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 2}, {1, 2,

0}, {1, 2, 1}, {2, 0, 1}, {2, 0, 2}, {2, 1, 0}, {2, 1, 2}},

{{0, 1,0, 2}, {0, 1, 2, 0}, {0, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 2,

0, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 0}, {0, 2, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 1, 2}, {1, 0, 2, 0}, {1,

0, 2, 1}, {1, 2, 0, 1}, {1, 2, 0, 2}, {1, 2,

1, 0}, {2, 0, 1, 0}, {2, 0, 1, 2}, {2, 0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0, 1}, {2,

1, 0, 2}, {2, 1, 2, 0}},

{{0, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1}, {0, 1, 2, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 2, 0, 2}, {0, 1, 2, 1, 0}, {0, 2, 0,1, 0}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 2}, {0, 2, 1, 0, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 0,2}, {0, 2, 1, 2, 0}, {1, 0,1, 2, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 2, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 2, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 2, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 0, 1, 0}, {1, 2, 0, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {1, 2, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 2, 1, 0, 2}, {2, 0,1, 0, 2}, {2, 0, 1, 2, 0}, {2, 0, 1, 2, 1}, {2, 0, 2,1, 0}, {2, 0, 2, 1, 2}, {2,1, 0, 1, 2}, {2, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {2, 1, 0, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 2, 0, 1}, {2, 1, 2, 0, 2}},

{{0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 0, 2, 1, 0}, {0, 1,0, 2, 1, 2}, {0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0}, {0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1}, {0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 2}, {1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2}, {1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1}, {1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1}, {1, 2, 0, 2, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2}, {1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1}, {2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2}, {2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1}, {2, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2}, {2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0}, {2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2}, {2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0}, {2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2}, {2, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1}}, {{0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0}, {0,1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 1}, {0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0}, {0, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 2}, {0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1}, {1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0}, {1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1}, {1,

0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 2}, {1, 2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0}, {1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1}, {1, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2}, {2, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 1}, {2, 0, 2,1, 0, 2, 0}, {2, 0, 2, 1, 2, 0, 2}, {2,1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0}, {2, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 1}, {2, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1, 2}},

{}

MATHEMATICA

Clear[a]; a = With[{n = 8, k = 3}, NestList[DeleteCases[Flatten[Map[Table[Append[ #, i - 1], {i, k}] &, # ], 1], {___, u__, v__} /; Sort[{u}] == Sort[{v}]] &, {{}}, n]]; Flatten[a]

CROSSREFS

Cf. A007413, A001285.

Sequence in context: A156667 A110914 A127505 this_sequence A086372 A089650 A085513

Adjacent sequences: A138033 A138034 A138035 this_sequence A138037 A138038 A138039

KEYWORD

nonn,uned,tabf

AUTHOR

Roger L. Bagula (rlbagulatftn(AT)yahoo.com), May 02 2008

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Last modified December 15 00:47 EST 2009. Contains 170825 sequences.


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