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A001047 3^n - 2^n.
(Formerly M3887 N1596)
+0
83
0, 1, 5, 19, 65, 211, 665, 2059, 6305, 19171, 58025, 175099, 527345, 1586131, 4766585, 14316139, 42981185, 129009091, 387158345, 1161737179, 3485735825, 10458256051, 31376865305, 94134790219, 282412759265, 847255055011 (list; graph; listen)
OFFSET

0,3

COMMENT

a(n) = sum of the elements in the n-th row of triangle pertaining to A036561. - Amarnath Murthy (amarnath_murthy(AT)yahoo.com), Jan 02 2002

Number of 2 X n binary arrays with a path of adjacent 1's and no path of adjacent 0's from top row to bottom row. - Ron Hardin (rhh(AT)cadence.com), Mar 21 2002

With offset 1, partial sums of A027649. - Paul Barry (pbarry(AT)wit.ie), Jun 24 2003

Number of distinct lines through the origin in the n-dimensional lattice of side length 2. A049691 has the values for the 2-dimensional lattice of side length n. - Joshua Zucker (joshua.zucker(AT)stanfordalumni.org), Nov 19 2003

a(n) = A083323(n)-1 = A056182(n)/2 = (A002783(n)-1)/2 = (A003063(n+2)-A003063(n+1))/2. - Ralf Stephan (ralf(AT)ark.in-berlin.de), Jan 12 2004

a(n+1)/(n+1)=(3*3^n-2*2^n)/(n+1) is the second binomial transform of the harmonic sequence 1/(n+1). - Paul Barry (pbarry(AT)wit.ie), Apr 19 2005

a(n) = A112626(n, 1). - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Jan 11 2006

a(n+1) = sums of n-th row of the triangle in A036561. - Reinhard Zumkeller (reinhard.zumkeller(AT)lhsystems.com), May 14 2006

The sequence gives the sum of the lengths of the segments in Cantor's dust generating sequence up to the i-th step. Measurement unit = length of the segment of i-th step. - Giorgio Balzarotti (Greenblue(AT)tiscali.it), Nov 18 2006

Let T be a binary relation on the power set P(A) of a set A having n = |A| elements such that for every element x, y of P(A), xTy if x is a proper subset of y. Then a(n) = |T|. - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Dec 22 2006

Comments from Alexander Adamchuk (alex(AT)kolmogorov.com), Jan 04 2007: (Start)

a(n) is prime for n = {2,3,5,17,29,31,53,59,101,277,647,1061,2381,...} = A057468(n) Numbers n such that 3^n - 2^n is prime.

p divides a(p) - 1 for prime p.

Quotients (3^p - 2^p - 1)/p, where p = Prime[n], are listed in A127071(n) = {2,6,42,294,15918,122010,7588770,61144062,...}.

Numbers n such that n divides 3^n - 2^n - 1 are listed in A127072(n) = {1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,13,16,17,19,23,27,29,31,32,37,41,43,45,47,49,53,59,61,64,67,71,73,79,81,83,89,97,...}.

Pseudoprimes in A127072(n) include all powers of primes {2,3,7} and some composite numbers that are listed in A127073(n) = {45,245,405,561,637,639,833,891,...}, which includes all Carmichael numbers A002997(n) = {561,1105,1729,2465,2821,6601,8911,10585,15841,29341,...}.

Numbers n such that n^2 divides 3^n - 2^n - 1 are listed in A127074(n) = {1,2,3,4,7,49,179,619,17807,...}.

5 divides a(2n).

5^2 divides a(2*5n).

5^3 divides a(2*5^2n).

5^4 divides a(2*5^3n).

7 divides a(6n).

7^2 divides a(6*7n).

11 divides a(10n).

13 divides a(4n).

13^2 divides a(4*13n).

17 divides a(16n).

19 divides a(3n).

19^2 divides a(3*19n).

23^2 divides a(11n).

23^3 divides a(11*23n).

23^4 divides a(11*23^2n).

29 divides a(7n).

31 divides a(30n).

p divides a((p-1)n) for prime p>3.

p divides a((p-1)/2)) for prime p = {5,19,23,29,43,47,53,...} = A097936(n) Primes p such that p divides 3^((p-1)/2) - 2^((p-1)/2). Also primes p such that 6 is a square mod p, except {2,3}, A038876(n).

p^(k+1) divides a(p^k*(p-1)/2*n) for prime p = {5,19,23,29,43,47,53,...} = A097936(n).

p^(k+1) divides a(p^k*(p-1)*n) for prime p>3.

Note the exception that for p = 23, p^(k+2) divides a(p^k*(p-1)/2*n).

There are no more such exceptions for primes p up to 600000. (End)

Final digits of terms follow sequence 1,5,9,5. - Enoch Haga (Enokh(AT)comcast.net), Nov 26 2007

REFERENCES

S. Plouffe, Approximations de S\'{e}ries G\'{e}n\'{e}ratrices et Quelques Conjectures}, Dissertation, Universit\'{e} du Qu\'{e}bec \`{a} Montr\'{e}al, 1992.

Archimedeans Problems Drive, Eureka, 24 (1961), 20.

G. Kreweras, Inversion des polynomes de Bell bidimensionnels et application au denombrement des relations binaires connexes. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. A-B 268 1969 A577-A579.

LINKS

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..200

S. Plouffe, Approximations de S\'{e}ries G\'{e}n\'{e}ratrices et Quelques Conjectures}, Dissertation, Universit\'{e} du Qu\'{e}bec \`{a} Montr\'{e}al, 1992.

S. Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions and Conjectures, Universit\'{e} du Qu\'{e}bec \`{a} Montr\'{e}al, 1992.

INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 397

J. Perry, Relation to Collatz problem

FORMULA

G.f.: x/(1-2x)(1-3x). a(n) = 5 a(n-1) - 6 a(n-2).

a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 2^(n-1). - Jon Perry, Aug 23, 2002

Starting 0, 0, 1, 5, 19, .. this is 3^n/3-2^n/2+0^n/6, the binomial transform of A086218. - Paul Barry (pbarry(AT)wit.ie), Aug 18 2003

Binomial transform of A000225. - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Feb 07 2005

a(n) = Sum[C(n, k)2^k, {k, 0, n-1}] - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Aug 20 2005

a(n) = 2^(2n) - A083324(n). - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Sep 10 2005

MAPLE

a(n)=seq(sum(2^i*3^(n-i), i=0..n), n=0..40); - Giorgio Balzarotti (Greenblue(AT)tiscali.it), Nov 18 2006

with(combinat):a:=n->stirling2(n, 3)-stirling2(n-1, 3): seq(a(n), n=2..27); - Zerinvary Lajos (zerinvarylajos(AT)yahoo.com), Oct 05 2007

A001047:=1/(3*z-1)/(2*z-1); [Conjectured by S. Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation.]

MATHEMATICA

Table[ 3^n - 2^n, {n, 0, 25} ]

PROGRAM

(Python) [3^n - 2^n for n in range(25)] - Ross La Haye (rlahaye(AT)new.rr.com), Aug 19 2005

CROSSREFS

Cf. A000225, A016189, A036561.

a(n) = row sums of A091913, row 2 of A047969, column 1 of A090888, and column 1 of A038719.

Cf. A097936, A038876, A127071, A127072, A127073, A127074, A002997, A057468.

Sequence in context: A049612 A001870 A025568 this_sequence A099448 A124806 A059509

Adjacent sequences: A001044 A001045 A001046 this_sequence A001048 A001049 A001050

KEYWORD

nonn,easy,nice

AUTHOR

njas, R. K. Guy

EXTENSIONS

More terms from James A. Sellers (sellersj(AT)math.psu.edu), Sep 19 2000

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Last modified July 25 07:41 EDT 2008. Contains 142293 sequences.


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